Microphotographic apparatus



July 18, 1939. J. H. ONEILL MICROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS Filed Dec. 18, 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 July 18, 1939. J, H. O'NEILL 2,166,419

MICROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS Filed Dec. 18, 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 2 I30 I21 I33 54 July 13, J. H. O'NEILL MICROPHOT OGRAPHIC APPARATUS Filed Dec. 18, 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 I II [YI/l/I/ III III July 18, 1939. J O'NElLL 2, 166,419

MICROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS Filed Dec. 18, 1937 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 y 18, 1939- J. H. O'NEILL MICROPHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Dec. 18, 1937 was JuiylB, i939 umreo STATES.

PATENT OFFICE .s,1ss,41a mcaorno'rooaarnlc mans-ms John Hugh mm, Arlington, vs.

Application December 18, 19:7, Serial m suse My present invention relates to photography, and more particularly to microphotographic apparatus. It has for its, general object to provide a .very rigid supprt for both the camera body '5 and the copy or material to be photographed; and to further provide an efiicient and conveniently operable microphotographic apparatus of the automatic type in which will be properly synchronized the winding or feeding of the film with the exposure of successive picture areas thereof; and also to provide convenient means for the preparation and holding of the copy which is to be photographed. A further object is to provide, outside the camera body, a conveniently located, visible indicator showing the,

occurrence and duration of the exposure of thefilm and an audible or other signal to the operator of the approach of the end of the unexposed film to the exposure opening. A further general object of this invention is to provide such a microphotographic apparatus equipped for electric operation and control in such manner; furnishing specific functions of a nature that increase the efiiciency of the microphotographic 2i! apparatus as compared with a manually or mechanically operated mechanism of the same sort. The improvements are directed in part toward eliminating, as far as possible, natural mistakes incident to manual control; toward reducing the manual efi'ort required in operation; toward simpliiying the loading of unexposed film; toward precision in-spacing of the exposure areas upon the film with consequent prevention of waste in the film length; toward an improved control 5 of the timing of the exposure; toward a more accurate and speedy focusing than is possible by means other than automatic; toward means of variation of the size of the exposed area of the film; and toward illuminated means for indicating the area of the copy that will be included in the image on the film.

To these and other ends, .the invention resides in certain improvements and combinations of parts, all as willbe hereinafter more fully described, the novel features being pointed'out in the claims at the end ofthe specification.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a microphotographic apparatus constructed in accordance with and illustrating one embodiment of my invention,

Figure' z is a diagramof various operating parts and of the electric wiring controlling and operating the same,

- the indexing mechanism,

Figure 4 is a partially sectioned partial side elevation projectedirom Figure 3 on line 4-4,

Figure 5 is a partially sectioned elevation of '5 the take-up mechanism of the exposed film magazine, 7

Figure 6 is a partially sectioned side elevation of a portion of the timing mechanism,

Figure '7 is a partial end elevation of a portion 10 of the timing mechanism, I

Figure 8 is a sectional plan view of Figure 1 on line 8-8,

Figure!) is a partial sectional front elevation of the exposure chamber showing the end where 1 unexposed film enters,

Figure 10 is a partial sectional elevation of Figure 9, partly on line H and partly on the center line, 4

Figure 11 is a partial sectional view of the 20 unexposed film mag e,

Figure 12 is a parti sectional view of Figure 11 on line ll--Il, 4

Figure 13 is a partially sectional view of the exposed film end of the camera body and of the 25 attaching end of the exposed film magazine,

Figure 14 isa partial sectional view of Figure 13 on line lS-II.

Similar reference numerals throughout the several views indicate the same parts.

I will first give a general ideaof the objects, functions or manner of use' and the major elements of construction of the'particular microphotographic apparatus that is illustrated herein before going into detail with respect to the par- 35 ticular instrumentalities utilized to accomplish the results. The microphotographic apparatus disclosed in the present application is adapted to many uses. Without attempting to enumerate the uses and 40 ,without in any way limiting the scope of the invention, I will more particularly refer to one important use thereof, which is the making of photographic copies of documents, newspapers, books and the like on reels of sensitized film 4!! usually of 35 mm. Fromthe negatives so made, positive films are made for many uses,

.such as for reading the projection in reading machines, and foruse in projectors on large screens in audience halls. A further use of the 50- negatives so made is to print in readable size by projection, positive'copies'on sensitized paper as a means of copying desired documents for any purpose such as storing in more permanent form valuable documents, or for sending to distant ss places copies of desired documents or books from central libraries. On account of the magnification by projection, in reading the film or in printing on sensitized paper from it, the accuracy of the photographic image is most important both in outline and in density, so that projection either for reading or for printing on sensitized paper may be done with a minimum of attention to changes in the illumination employed to attain clear images of uniform high quality. The construction and operation or" the various parts of my apparatus contribute to the attaining of most accurate images on the sensitized film and on any number of successive films, all made with great speed and a minimum of manual attention.

The microphotographic apparatus is electrically operated, being connected to a suitable source of electrical energy. It carries illumination for the object or copy material which is held securely and smoothly by a glass plate which is automatically raised off the copy and lowered onto it at predetermined points in the cycle of events.

In a dark room, the film is loaded into the separate, unexposed film magazine, hereafter called the first magazine, with a convenient starting end projecting from said magazine. This starting end is threaded into the camera body, under the pressure plate which locates the exposure area in the focal plane, thence around the indexing sprocket and out of the camera body into the exposed film magazine, referred to hereafter as the second magazine, where it is attached to the take-up spool located at the center of this magazine. After closing the cover plates'on the camera body and the second magazine. the camera is ready to operate.

Referring to Figure l, a preferred embodiment of my invention is shown composed of a base plate I, which carries rails 2 on which a reciprocating car or table 3 runs transversely of the apparatus, moved. a predetermined distance each side of center by connecting rod 4 operably attached to crank disc 5. Two vertical columns 6 and I support in very rigid manner a crosshead 8 which carries a camera body 9 to which is removably attached unexposed film magazine Hl referred to as first magazine Hi, and exposed film magazine H referred to as second magazine H. A cross bar I2 connects uprights 6 and T. Means for shifting crosshead 8 up and down is provided by screws l3 and I4 which engage nuts (not shown) in cross head 8 and are rotated either manually by crank i5 or through elevator gears l6 by any source'of power such as an electric motor (notshown). tached to upright 6 which, through roller l8, bar I9, crank arm 2ll'cnd yoke 2i is adapted to move lens barrel 22 upward in relation to the film when crosshead 8 is moved upward and to move lens barrel 22 downward, away from the film, when cross head 8 is moved downward thus automatically varying the focus of the objective carried by lens barrel 22 the correct, predetermined amountas is required in the making of different sizes of the images of the copy.

As more light enters the camera when the camera is far from the copy, as is the case in making greatly reduced images, than when the camera is close to the copy, as when reduction in size of the image is less, it becomes useful to vary the time of exposure in order to obtain the same density of film, the illumination remaining the same. In order to make such change of exposuretime automatically and correctly for all A cam H is provided, at-.

positions of crosshead 8 a cam 23 is attached to crosshead 8 and through roller 24, crank 25, link 25, bell-crank 21, link 28, shaft 29 and fork 30, a

friction drive wheel 3| is moved a predetermined amount to or from the center of driven disc 32, which operably connects the timer electric motor 33 with the time control drum of the cycle (shown more clearly in Figures 2 and 8) As crosshead 8 is raised to make greater reduction of image, the frietionwheel 3| is moved toward the center of disc 32 which causes disc 32 to revolve at a more rapid rate relative to friction wheel 36, thus decreasing the elapsed time of the cycle including the exposure time,and vice versa, when crosshead 8 is lowered, friction wheel 36 is moved toward the rim of disc 32, thus causing disc 32 to revolve at a slower rate relative to friction drive wheel 3!, and increasing the elapsed time of the cycle, including the exposure time.

Car 3 is provided with two platens 3' 3 and 35 adapted to hold the two halves of an opened book with the center of the book supported and located by book center support 36. Elastic and adjustable support for the copy holding platens 3 3 and 35 and book center support 35 is provided by telescopic, hydraulic cylinders 3i, 3% and 39 which contain oil and sufficient air to furnish elasticity. The lower portions of these telescopic cylinders are provided with valves 4i), 4! and 42 which, through tube 43, connect all three cylinders with hydraulic reservoir tank 44 which is also charged with air and oil. All three valves 49, 4! and 42 are operably connected by bar 45 so that when a large book is placed unequally open on the platens 34 and 35, the operator can, by moving bar 45 open all valves (40, H and 42) and permit the oil to equalize the pressure, with the platens at the different heights necessary in order to bring the two parts of the unequally opened book under the glass plate 46, located in holder frame 41, with approximately equal pressure. As turning of pages in the progress of copying takes place,

' the pressure against glass plate 46 becomes unequal and an occasional adjustment and equalizing of pressure may be made by the operator moving bar 45 to open valves 40, 4! and 42 and then to close them as he proceeds with the work.

A convenient guide for adjusting the height of the camera when placing copy on platens 34 and 35 is provided by four scanning lights 48, 49, 50 and one not shown, located behind 49. These scanning lights are enclosed in shroudings 5!, 52 and 53, with narrow slits pointing slantingly downward and provided with pivotal supports 54, 55 and 56 and sliding bases 51, 58 and 59 so that adjustment may be made to indicate by lines of light on glass plate 46 the area which will be covered by the image on the film.

Uprights 6 and 1 may conveniently carry illuminating means such as lamps 60 and 6 l The cycle of events which is gone through in making one exposure and preparing for the next one'is shown in Figure 2 in a combined diagram of wiring and of various parts in which 62 is an electric switch, preferably of one of the push button types which, when closed, causes electric current from a suitable source such as electric line 53 to flow to solenoid 64. When solenoid 64 is energized dog 65, operably connected to plunger core of solenoid 64, is withdrawn from a notch in the periphery of ring 56 on timer barrel 61 which allows timer barrel fi'lgto rotate. Electric contacts 68 are simultaneously closed by the motion of the core plunger of solenoid 64 and electric current flows through wires 63, 59

and I8 totimer motor 88 which drives timer barrel 81 through reducing gear II, shaft I2, friction drive wheel 8|, friction disc 82, shaft 18 and change gears 14 and I8:

The first event of the cycle is the closing of glass plate 48 down onto" the copy placed on platen 88 of Figure 1. This isaccomplished by closing of electric contact 18 by cam 11 on timer barrel 81 which furnishes electric current from wire 88 to wire I8 which energizes solenoid I8. The solenoid core withdraws dog 88 from one of two notches on crank disc 8| and also closes electric contact 82 which furnishes electric cur rent from wire 88 to electric motor 88 which drives crankshaft 84 through reduction gearing 88. Crank shaft84 is operably connected to holder frame 41 as is more clearly shown in Figure 8, and makes one-half revolutiomwhen it is stopped by dog 88 engaging the second notch on crank disc 8I thus holding glass plate 46 on the copy at a fixed level while the copy is elastically held up against glass plate 46 by '(in this instance) platen 88 and telescopic cylinder 88.

The second event is the opening of the shutter by the passing (in this instance) of shutter cam 88 under electric contact 81 which through plug and flexible wire 88 furnish electric current from wire 88 to solenoid 88, the plunger core of which operates a shutter (not shown) and simultaneously closes electric contact 88 which furnishes electric current in parallel from plug and flexible wire 88 to a signal which is preferably a red light 8I located on or near holder frame 41 so as to be conveniently visible by the operator and indicates the occurrence and duration of the shutter opening. A plurality of shutter cams of varying length may be provided, as shutter cams 82 and 88, and their respective plug sockets on the respectiveelectric contacts 84 and 88 to which plug and flexible wire 88 may be manually shifted for the purpose of changing the time of shutter opening.

Referring'to Figure l, a further change of the time of shuttero'pening can be made by shifting fork 88 on shaft 28 so that friction drive wheel 8 4 is placed difiereritly in relatio'n to driven disc 3 Returning to Figure 2, when alarge increase in the time of shutter opening isdesired it can be accomplished without altering the other parts of the cycle, by closing switch 88 so that electric current will fiow from wire 88. when cam 81 closes electric contact 88, through wire 88 to solenoid I88 which operates to withdraw dog I8I from a notch on the periphery of auxiliary timer disc I82 and also to move one arm of bellcrank'l88 so as to cause the other arm to advance slide I84 on which disc I82 is mounted so that disc I82 operably engages friction drive wheel I88 mounted on shaft 12. Thus disc I82 is rotated, and after it has rotated a predetermined amount a cam I88 (shown more clearly of Figures 6 and 7) operates through rocking lever 48! to rotate the rocking bed plate I88 a small amount in relation to" main bed plate I88 about hinge I I8 thus removing friction drive wheel 8I from driving contact with'disc 82 and the main timer barrel 8! ceases to revolve until disc I82 rotates a complete revolution and dog I8I drops into the. notch in disc I82, which releases bellcrank I88 and friction disc 82 is no longer pressed against friction drive wheel I88. The rocking lever I81 is-also simultaneously released by cam I88 so that rocking bed plate I88 is returned by spring III to the original position in which friction drive wheel 8I 'operably engages disc .82 and the main timer barrel 81 is again driven.

Returning to Figure 2, the speed at which disc I82 revolves maybe varied by changing the set ting of locating fork II2. Thus the extension of time that the shutter'may be kept open can be varied within desired limits without disturbing the sequence and time duration of the other events in the cycle.

A time exposure may be niade when desired, by

opening switch II8 on electric line 89 which stops the cycle and closing-switch II4 on electric line II8 which furnishes electric current to solenoid 89 and opens the shutter (not shown). To close the shutter the switch "4 is opened. To resume the automatic cycle, switch II 8 is closed. Plug and flexible wire 88 are removed from electric contact 81 during a time exposure, and replaced afterward.

After the desired exposure is made a new ex-' posure area is brought before the exposure opening by an indexing device which is attached to camera body 9. This is shown also, in more detail, in Figures 3 and 4. After the cams cohtrolling the exposure time have passed their respective electric contacts, the next cam to come j into operation is the indexing cam H8, which closes electric contact I" which supplies electric current from line 89 through electric wire II8 to indexer solenoid II9 which operates to withdraw dog I28 from a. notch on the periphery of notched ring I2I, and also to close electric contact I22 which supplies electric current from line 88 through electric line I28 and electric line I24 to electric motor I25 which, through reduction gear I28 drives a shell I21, which is provided with a friction disc I28 which, by means of friction washer I29 drives the drum I88 which carries a plurality of variously notched rings such as ring I2 I. Drum I88 is rigidly attached to a through shaft I8I which carries the film sprocket 'on the end inside the camera body.

Drum I88 revolves with notched ring I2I driven by motor I25 until dog I28 drops into the next adjacent notch in ring I2I, when electric contact .I22 is opened and'motor I28 comes to a stop.

Ring I2l stops, exactly and positively, as dog I28 drops into the respective notch, thus moving the' film sprocket and film forward a predetermined amount. The friction joint provided between friction disc I28, friction washer I28 and drinn I88 permits motor I28 to over-run while being brought to a stop by the friction joint.

Spur gear I82 is rigidly attached to shaft I8I anddrives through an intermedategear (not shown) the take up gear I88 which takes up the film on the winding spool in exposed film magazine II, as

is shown more fully in Figure 5.

A signal, preferably an audible signal such as an alarm bell I84 is provided to warn when the last end of the film is about to reach theexposure opening, as is shown more fully in Figure 9. A

source of electric currentsuch as an electric battery. I88 furnishes electric current to electric line I88, which, through electric contacts that come together when the end of the film passes from between them, passes current through electric line I81 to an alarm bell I84 and thence back to the opposite pole of the battery. The alarm bell may be placed at any convenient location preferably outside the camera body, and be 'operated-by electric current from any suitable source. A visible signal; or one operated mechanically, may be substitutedif desired.

Continuing reference to Figure 2,'a safety device may be incorporated which would prevent operating the push button 62 when indexer is operating. This would be accomplished by opening switch I38 so that current would not be directly available from electric line 63 to push button 62, but only when dog I 20 is. seated in a notch of ring I2 I which would open electric contact I22 and close electric contact I39 so that electric current would be available from line63 through electric line I23, electric contact I39 and electric line I48, to one pole of push button 62'.

It is frequently useful to have the microphotcgraphic cycle repeat itself continuously without the use of pushbutton 62. This is accomplished by closing electric switch I II so that when continuous running cam I 42 closes electric contact I43, electric current will flow from electric line 69 to solenoid 64 which restarts the cycle in the same manner that using pushbutton 62 does.

When it is desired to use the car 3 to reciprocate and bring platens 34 and 35 alternately underglass plate 46 as when microphotographing large copy such as a newspaper, electric switch I43 is closed so that, when reciprocating cam I45 passesunder reciprocating car-operating electric contact I46 and closes it, current will flow from electric line 69 through switch I 44, contact I46 and electric line I41 to solenoid I48 which energizes the solenoid and withdraws dog I49 from notch I50 (one of two notches in reciprocator crank disc and simultaneously electric contact I5I is closed causing current to flow from line 63, through line I52, contact I5I and line I53 to motor I 54 which rotates crank disc 5 through reduction gear I55, shell I56 and friction drive washer I51 one half turn when clog I43 falls into the second notch on crank disc 5 and car 3 has travelled the predetermined distance controlled by connecting rod 4 shown in Figure 1.

In the sequence of events, glass plate 45 and frame 41 are lifted from the copy before car 3 is caused to reciprocate by reciprocating cam I45. This is accomplished by passing of cam I58 on the main timer barrel 61 under electric contact 16 and the same series of events occur as was described in the closing of glass plate 46 and frame 41 down on the copy in which shaft 84 and crank disc 8I make one half revolution. Thus the reciprocator makes one movement of one half revolution and the .frame 41 control mechanism makes movements of two half turns during the cycle of events making one exposure.

Referring to Figures 3 and 4 which show in detail the devices which accomplish the positive stop of the shaft I3I at points predetermined by notched ring I2I and the provision to allow electric motor I25 to over-run so that the shock of the positive stop will be minimized,--shell I21 is carried in bearing I59 and is further rotatably supported by the shaft I3I. Shaft I3I is, in turn, supported by shell I21 and by bracket I60 which is secured to camera body 9 by suitable means, and carries the indexer parts and electric motor I25. To make the friction drive of shaft I3! suitably adjustable, a spring I 6I is placed, one end bearing against a shoulder on shell I21 and the other end bearing against a shell-shaped washer I62 which is set up against spring I6I by hardened washer I63 and nut I64 which engages a;

A rotating joint is made to engage any one of a plurality of notched rings such as I2I, I61 and I68, which would each be provided with a number of notches that would, by their spacing, provide the desired spacing of exposure areas of the film. This may be accomplished by mounting dog I23 on a shaft I69 rotatably supported by lugs I18 and bracket I60. Dog I28 may be located on shaft I69 by any suitable means such as set screw III. The upper end of dog I20 rotatably and slidably engages a shaft I12 which is carried in a yoke I13 attached to plunger core I14 of solenoid I I9 so that the action of plunger core I14 may be the same on dog I26 at any setting of dog I28 on shaft I69. Plunger core I14 and dog I20 are returned to at-rest position by spring I15. The sprocket wheel I18 which draws the film through the camera is attached to shaft I39.

The point of dog I28 is large and machined to slidingly fit the periphery of the notched wheel I against which it bears, pressed by a spring, as

spring I15. This is arranged so that the electric contact I22 may be maintained in closed position after the electric current which energized the solenoid is cut off by the respective cam on timer barrel 61 passing the respectiveelectric contact. In this way, the respective electric motor I25 continues to drive until dog I 28 drops into the approaching notch.

The same construction for positive stop and for motor overrunning is also used on the timer barrel 61, glass plate frame 41, crank disc 8I and car reciprocating crank disc 5, and, in modified form for controlling auxiliary timer disc I02.

In Figure 5 is shown an application of the overrunning drive torthe take-up for exposed film. Sleeve I21 and other parts, including friction disc I28 and friction washer I29, are of the same construction and function as shown for the indexer in Figure 3 and revolve in bearing I11 in the Wall of second magazine II. Sleeve I21 is driven by gear I33 through an intermediate gear (not shown) from gear I32 on the indexer shown in Figure 3. Shaft I18 is provided with a rigidly fixed friction flange I19, and is driven by friction from friction disc I28 and friction washer I26. The amount of friction is regulated by nut I64 in a similar manner to that used on the indexer shown, in Figure 3. Shaft I18 is adapted to receive a winding spool for exposed film, and as the film winds onto said spool, shaft I18 driven by gear I33 through the friction device will revolve a less and varying amount for each exposure area fed forward by sprocket I16 and as the film is taken up the excess rotation will be lost in the slippage between friction plate I28 and friction flange I19.

In Figure 8 a separate notched disc I88 is shown, which may be used instead of notched crank disc 5 on the car reciprocating means, and solenoid I48 and dog I49 perform the same functions as described in reference to Figure 2. Further shown in Figure 8 are arms I8| and I82 which extend from holder frame 41, and engage a pivotal support I83, and are operably connected to crank disc 8| and its mate by'the connecting rods I84 and I85 of which the upperends are shown. In order to keep platens 34 and and book center support 36 from swiveling on their telescopic supports 31,. 38 and 39, telescopic guides I86, I31 and I88 are provided. In Figure 8 also appears a partial .view of the cam-controlled In Figure 91s shown the electric contacts which operate'to give the audible alarm when the last end of the film approaches the exposure opening. The film-comes from first magazine I between r011er I89 which is supported by lugs I90'extending from exposure chamber wall l9l and roller I92 which is supported by straps I93 of dielectric material. The roller I92 is of metal and is held down on the film with a slight pressure by spring I94 which also carries electric current from electric wire I36. The film acts as insulation between the two rollers and when the film passes from between them, electric contact is formed and current flows from wire I36 through spring I94, roller I92, roller I99, exposure chamber wall I9I to wire I31 and audible signal I34, thence back to the source -oi! current, as battery I35 shown in Figure 2. g

The unexposed film passes from rollers I92 and I89 under pressure plate I95 and over mask ing strips I96 and I91. Masking strip I91 is shown in Figure 10. The masking strips I96 and I91 are preferably of hardened steel and about two thousandths (.002) of an inch thick so that they form slight ledges over which the edges of the film pass. Thus the portion of the film between the masking strips I96 and I91 passes through a space .002" greater than the edges of the film and' so is protected from receiving scratches. The exposure opening is variable lengthways of the film by means of adjustable masking pieces I I98, one of which appears in Figures 9 and 10. A

spur gear I99 operably connected to a train of spur.gears 200 and 20I and two more similar ones on the other half of the exposure chamber (not shown) operate to move the two masking pieces I99 simultaneously and equally toward or away from center. One of gears 200 is operably connected to a handle (not shown) outside the camera body for making desired adjustments of the exposure opening. Side guide plates 202 and 203 hold masking strips I96 and I91 securely in place and also form side guides for th film and for pressure plate I95.

The light lock on first magazine I0 which protects the unexposed film from light while first magazine I0 isv detached from camera body .9 and surrounded by light, as when magazine I0 is being carried from the dark room in which itwas loaded, is shown in Figures 11 and 12. In these figures an inverted T-shaped member is the light stopper 204 and is moved from the position shown, downwardby handlebar 205 which projects outside the body of first magazine I0. A guide block 206 slidably engages the stem of light stopper 204 and is attached to stepped light lock piece 201 by suitable means, as by bolts 208. Light stopper 204 is preferably faced on the T head by a yielding material 209 such as leather, rubber, or velvet which will make a secure light stop of film slot 2 I0 when the starting end of the film is projecting through film slot H0 and out of first guide block 206 and to lower anvil block M3 and form supports for axles 2 and 2I5 on which idle rollers 2I5 and 2" revolve. Anvil block 2I3 is rigidly attached to stepped light lock piece 201,

. as by bolt M0, and has a concave upper surface which registers with the convex surface of light stopper 204 so that the filmis bent when the light lock is closed and thus the light lock is made more secure. Apertures in side plates 2| I and 2I2 also register with light stopper 204 for the same purpose. Stepped light lock piece 201 is rigidly attached to first magazine I0 as by bolts H9, and registers with a female stepped aperture on camera body 9 to which it is secured by suitable means, as by studs which enter holes 220.

Inorder to disconnect second magazine I I from camera body 9 without light. damage to the film, a light lock is provided on each member, features of which are shown in Figures 13 and 14. In camera body 9 the film travels from the exposure area, under idler roller 22I which is located between lugs on exposure chamber body I9I in the direction of arrows 222 and 223, thence around sprocket I16 and under light lock roller 224 into film slot 225. To complete the light lock without pressure being put on the film, light lock blocks 226 and 221 are provided, which are attached. to disc plate 223 and are connected to side plates (not shown). .There is an annular space wide enough for the film to pass freelythrough between light lock block 226'and light lock roller 224, but as the path of the film is narrow and bent from a straight line, any light which might enter the exposed end of film slot 225 is unable to pass the curved path around light lock roller 224.

The stepped light lock 229 is rigidly attached to camera body 9 as by clamp 230 and is composed of three discs 228, RI and 232 which are joined rigidly together by suitable means and form stepped light lock 229. Disc 220 has an aperture through which pin 233 extends to an operable connection to the cut-01f knife 234,'

which slides up and down in a suitable rectangular aperture in disc 23I and is guided therein by plate 235 which has an aperture for pin 233 and a slot which forms a continuation of film slot 225. This plate 235 also acts as the lower blade of the cut-off shear in conjunction with cut-ofi knife 234. Disc 232 has an aperturewhich forms a continuation of film slot 225 but of enlarged area so as to allow the severed end of the film to bend when out by knife 234. Knife 234, when moved downward by operating handle 236 forms an additional light 100 and remains in that position -until it is desired to run through a length of film suitable for threading into the empty second magazine II, when it is re-attached to camera body 9 after the exposed film has been removed in a dark room.

Second magazine II is provided with a stepped light lock 231, composed of a stepped disc 238and discs 239 and 240'which are rigidly held together, and, .as a.unit, are rigidly attached to second magazine II. Apertures through discs 238, 239 and 240 form a continuation of film slot 225. Disc 239 is provided with a suitable rectangular aperture in whichv light lock plate 24I slides, moved by pin 242, operated by handle 243. Plate 244 cooperates with light lock plate 24I to guide it and form a light lock. To disc 240 are rigidly attached light lock blocks 245 and 246 which together with side plates 241 and 248 support light lock rollers 249 and 250. Side plate 248 is shown,-

partly sectioned, in Figure 14. When light lock plate 2 is raised to allowfilmto pass through the continuation of film slot 225, the bent path around light lock rollers 249 and 250 prevents light from entering slot 225 from open second magazine II. .Lightis locked from passing the ,ends of light lock rollers 224 and249 and 250 by annular projections fromthe ends of the rollers 'which project into annular slots in the side pieces, as in side piece 248 in Figure 14.

It is necessary to remove the cover plate (not shown) from second magazine Ii when replacin the magazine on camera body 9 in order to attach the leading end of the film to the take-up spool on take-up spindle shaft I18.

Having disclosed and illustrated the various structures comprising my invention, what I claim In a microphotographic apparatus, the combination of a photographic camera including detachable means for containing unexposed film, detachable means for containing exposed film, a camera body, a film support, an exposure opening, electrically operated means for intermittently feeding film past the exposure opening, means for taking up the exposed film, with means for supporting the photographic camera at the selected distance from the copy or material to be photographed, means for supporting and holding successive pages of the copy at a predetermined height, means for shifting the copy support'to bring selected portions of the copy before the exposure opening, cam-operated means for automatically focusing the camera lens, cam-operated means for automatically increasing the exposure time when the camera is placed nearer the copy and decreasing the exposure time when the camera is moved farther away from the copy, electric motor driven cycle means comprising starting switch, timer barrel, timer barrel driving electric motor andcontrol contacts, a plurality of electric contacts adjacent to said timer barrel,

a plurality of cams on said timer barrel adapted,-

at predetermined intervals, to close and open said electric contacts, said electric contacts being adapted to furnish electric current to electrically operable means for closing said copy-holding means, for opening and closing the camera shutter, for providing additional duration of shutter opening, for indexing the film, for optionally providing continuous running of the cycle, for shifting the copy support a predetermined amount, and for opening the copy-holding means, an audible signal when the last end of the unexposed fllm approaches the said exposure opening, a visible signal located outside the camera to indicate the occurrence and duration of the shutter opening, and scanning means to indicate the area of copy included in the image on the film.

JOHN HUGH ONEILL.

VII 

